Will the US dollar lose global dominance by 2040?

Dollar dominance is likely to erode gradually, but no rival has the depth, liquidity, and trust to displace it by 2040.

Network effects, deep capital markets, and the absence of a viable alternative make full displacement by 2040 unlikely, even as the dollar's share gradually erodes.

No other currency possesses the deep financial markets and institutional trust required to replace the U.S. dollar by 2040.